SynthesisNutrition reviews2025
What Do Australians Eat? A Systematic Review of Dietary Patterns and Adverse Health Outcomes.
Synthesis in Nutrition reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tomato Intake Improves Cognitive Performance and Modulates Functional Brain Networks in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global Co-Occurrence Patterns of Ischemic Heart Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Spatial Clusters, Risk Factors, and Quality-of-Care Index.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Unmasking hidden pathways: how household air pollution and lifestyle are associated with quality of life in Yunnan outpatients.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Multi-objective optimization of national dietary guidelines: balancing nutrition, environment, and economy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextA suboptimal diet is a leading factor in the current burden of chronic diseases. In Australia, dietary factors contribute to one-fifth of the chronic disease burden. Understanding the dietary patterns of Australian adults and summarizing their effects on chronic conditions are imperative for improving interventions targeting dietary behaviors.
objectiveThis systematic review aims to summarize the dietary patterns of Australian adults derived using a posteriori and hybrid analysis methods and their associations with adverse health outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Six databases were first searched in December 2020 and updated in August 2023. DATA EXTRACTION: Cardiometabolic health, cardiovascular mortality, cancer, pregnancy-related metabolic conditions (gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] or hypertensive disorders during pregnancy [HDP]), mental health, and cognitive function were the main health outcomes. DATA ANALYSIS: Dietary patterns from each study were classified as either healthy or unhealthy. A narrative synthesis was used to describe the association of dietary patterns with adverse health outcomes in longitudinal studies. Fifty-nine observational studies (31 cross-sectional, 3 case-control, 22 longitudinal, and 3 combining both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs) were included, involving a total of 362 263 participants aged 18 years and older.
conclusionHigher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (characterized by higher consumption of dark-yellow, green leafy, cruciferous vegetables and fruits, nuts, whole grains, tomatoes, fish, and low-fat dairy) is associated with improved cardiometabolic risk factors, reduced risk of GDM and HDP, better mental health, and improved pregnancy outcomes. On the other hand, an unhealthy dietary pattern (characterized by a higher intake of processed and red meat, takeaway foods, white bread, high-fat dairy, potatoes, discretionary fat, sweet snacks, soft drinks, fat spreads, jam, and Vegemite) is linked to increased cardiometabolic risks. Overall, while healthy dietary patterns are associated with a reduced risk of several physical and mental health outcomes, unhealthy dietary patterns are linked to an increased risk in Australian adults. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023452960.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.