ArticleJournal of medical virology2025
No Distinct Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Blood Profile Associated With Monkeypox Virus Clade IIb Infected Patients.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinct Inflammatory Immune Signature in Acute Mpox Associated With Proctitis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Recent advances in Mpox across innate immunity, evasion, and clinical outcomes.Communications biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies indicated Clade I monkeypox virus infection to be associated with marked elevation of proinflammatory cytokines. This remains unexplored for Clade II-associated disease, which has different clinical manifestations and prognosis. We used a 65-plex cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor (CCG) panel to analyze serum samples of 100 male acute Clade IIb mpox patients and 26 healthy controls in Belgium. Cluster analyses revealed no strong or distinct CCG profiles distinguishing mpox patients from controls but suggested trends in certain cytokine modulation. Individual CCG analyses found elevated levels of cytokines (MIF, CD30, IL2R, IL18, APRIL, and TNFRII), chemokines (CCL4, CCL8, CCL22, CCL24, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, and CXCL13), and growth factors (HGF and VEGFA) in patients, while CCL11 and CXCL5 were significantly suppressed. We detected no differences in key proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 or anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13. In patients living with HIV, comparison with pre-outbreak samples showed an increase in CXCL13 and a decrease in CXCL5, CCL2, CCL24, HGF, SCF, and TWEAK. The absence of discriminatory CCG profiles in Clade IIb mpox patients compared to healthy controls suggests there may be limited clinical applications of those markers.
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Registered trials
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