ArticleScientific reports2025
Comparison of serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D levels in children consuming reverse osmosis, non reverse osmosis, and high fluoride drinking water.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Hypomagnesemia: A Clinical and Nutritional Update.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Water is vital for the human body. Due to concerns over tap water, preference for taste, and convenience, there has been increased consumption of reverse osmosis (RO) water. Various metal ions (e.g., magnesium, calcium, sodium) are essential for human growth and function. Evaluate and compare serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D levels in children consuming RO, non-RO, and high-fluoride drinking water. This comparative study included children aged 9-13. Participants were divided into three groups: RO water drinkers, non-RO water drinkers, and those consuming high-fluoride water. A questionnaire gathered socio-demographic, medical, sunlight exposure, and including a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for nutrient intake. Water samples were analyzed per APHA guidelines for calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, fluoride, and TDS. Urine samples assessed calcium and creatinine, while automated chemistry analyzers measured calcium, phosphorous, and alkaline phosphatase. Vitamin D levels were analyzed using immunoassay. Participants across all age groups were evenly distributed among the three water type groups. Drinking water type significantly correlated with serum and ionic calcium, magnesium, alkaline phosphatase, and serum phosphate levels. Higher 24-h urine calcium and creatinine were found in the high-fluoride group. Regression analysis showed significant associations between drinking water calcium, magnesium, phosphate, TDS, and serum levels after adjusting for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and dietary intake. (serum calcium = β = 0.006, p < 0.001, serum magnesium = β = 0.002, p < 0.001,serum phosphate = β = - 1.260, p = 0.016). Drinking water type impacts serum calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase levels in children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.