Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40155595›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Beyond surface tension-dominated water surface jumping.

Xin Wang, Neng Xia, Chengfeng Pan, Jinsheng Zhao, Bo Hao, Lin Su, Dongdong Jin, Qingsong Xu, Xurui Liu, Xingyu Hou and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Xin Wang *Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-6139
Neng Xia *Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-3138
Chengfeng Pan *The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, P.R. China. cfpan@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8825-8011
Jinsheng ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-5667
Bo HaoDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.
Lin SuDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.
Dongdong JinSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), ShenZhen, Guangdong, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4833-538X
Qingsong XuDepartment of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-322X
Xurui LiuDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7139-8519
Xingyu HouDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China.
Li ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P.R. China. lizhang@cuhk.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-8962

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water surface jumping motions of semi-aquatic insects are primarily rely on surface tension-dominated jumping mechanism to achieve impressive jumping performance. However, this mechanism faces an inherent physical constraint: the propulsion force must remain below the threshold required to break the water surface, limiting efficient momentum acquisition. Herein, we present a water surface jumping strategy that addresses the limitations of surface tension-dominated mechanism. Our approach allows the engineered jumper to achieve a record-breaking jumping height of 18 body lengths (63 cm) and take-off velocity of 100.6 body length/s (3.52 m/s). This strategy is built on three key design principles: (I) superhydrophobic body for floating on water surface, (II) light-weight, high-power actuation module capable of providing significant propulsion force within an ultrashort time, (III) well-engineered momentum transmission system for efficient kinetic energy transfer. The developed soft jumper based on these design principles advances the development of water environment related robotics.

Identifiers

PMID40155595
PMCPMC11953326

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.