ArticleScientific reports2025
Carbohydrate intake and activation of gastric acid secretion decrease gastric estrogen secretion.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gastric parietal cells (gastric acid-secreting cells) secrete estrogen in response to blood lipid (triglycerides [TG] and fatty acids [FFA]) levels. Since estrogen helps reduce blood lipid levels, gastric estrogen would be important in lowering elevated blood lipid levels. However, gastric parietal cells use lipid-derived energy for estrogen production and acid secretion. Thus, postprandial changes in blood lipid levels and acid secretion could affect gastric estrogen production. Here, we show that blood estrogen and FFA decrease after meals, especially after carbohydrate intake. Postprandially decreased blood estrogen levels are partially restored by intravenous lipid injections. Hormones that activate and suppress gastric acid secretion decrease and increase estrogen production in isolated gastric gland epithelia, respectively. Suppression of gastric acid secretion increases blood estrogen levels in postprandial, but not in fasted, rats. Carbohydrate ingestion releases insulin, which lowers blood FFA levels, while lipid intake releases hormones that suppress gastric acid secretion, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Insulin and gastric estrogen directly enter the liver in high concentrations, enhancing and suppressing hepatic de novo lipogenesis, respectively. The more lipids ingested, the less lipogenesis is required. Therefore, we propose that ingested carbohydrates and lipids negatively and positively control gastric estrogen production, respectively, for proper hepatic lipogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.