Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40155413›Full record

ArticleScientific data2025

A Data Engineering Framework for Ethereum Beacon Chain Rewards: From Data Collection to Decentralization Metrics.

Tao Yan, Shengnan Li, Benjamin Kraner, Luyao Zhang, Claudio J Tessone

Abstract readDataset
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific data, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Tao Yan *Blockchain & Distributed Ledger Technologies Group at Department of Informatics and UZH Blockchain Center, University of Zurich, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
Shengnan Li *Blockchain & Distributed Ledger Technologies Group at Department of Informatics and UZH Blockchain Center, University of Zurich, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
Benjamin KranerBlockchain & Distributed Ledger Technologies Group at Department of Informatics and UZH Blockchain Center, University of Zurich, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland.
Luyao Zhang *Data Science Research Center and Social Science Division, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, 215316, China. lz183@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-2254
Claudio J TessoneBlockchain & Distributed Ledger Technologies Group at Department of Informatics and UZH Blockchain Center, University of Zurich, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland. claudio.tessone@uzh.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-6221

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 12201266
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ethereum, one of the leading smart contract blockchain platforms, currently operates on a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism designed to secure the network while incentivizing desired validator behaviors. Despite blockchain technology's promise of decentralization, limitations and gaps in decentralization persist, posing challenges for analysis and optimization. This study introduces a comprehensive dataset of validator rewards from the Ethereum Beacon chain, categorized into attestation, proposer, and sync committee rewards. By providing granular, transparent, and auditable records of validator activities, the dataset addresses the fragmentation of raw blockchain data and enables robust evaluations of PoS incentive structures. Researchers can leverage this dataset to assess enforceable rules, verify protocol compliance, and analyze long-term validator behavior. In addition, we apply decentralization metrics such as the Shannon entropy, Gini Index, Nakamoto Coefficient, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to showcase the dataset's utility in studying decentralization trends. Publicly available on Harvard Dataverse and accompanied by open-source analytical tools on GitHub, this dataset facilitates future research aimed at enhancing blockchain systems' decentralization, security, and efficiency.

Indexed as

BlockchainComputer SecurityData Collection

Identifiers

PMID40155413
PMCPMC11953355

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.