Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40154970›Full record

Trial reportBMJ global health2025

Seasonality of underweight among infants 1-11 months old in Niger: an exploratory analysis of data from a cluster-randomised trial.

Brittany Peterson, Ahmed Mamane Arzika, Ramatou Maliki, Amza Abdou, Bawa Aichatou, Ismael Sara, Diallo Beidi, Nasser Galo, Nasser Harouna, Alio Karamba Mankara and 10 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Brittany PetersonFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8815-1642
Ahmed Mamane ArzikaCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Ramatou MalikiCarter Center, Niamey, Niger.
Amza AbdouProgramme Nationale de Santé Oculaire, Niamey, Niger.
Bawa AichatouCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Ismael SaraCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Diallo BeidiCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Nasser GaloCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Santé Publique, Birni N'Gaoure, Niger.
Nasser HarounaCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Alio Karamba MankaraCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Sani MahamadouCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Moustapha AbarchiCentre de Recherche et Interventions en Sante Publique, Niamey, Niger.
Almou IbrahimProgramme Nationale de Santé Oculaire, Niamey, Niger.
Elodie LebasFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jeremy David KeenanFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-1457
Catherine E OldenburgFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-399X
Travis C PorcoFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Benjamin ArnoldFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Thomas M LietmanFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Kieran S O'BrienFrancis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA kieran.obrien@ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1962-5321

Funding

Gates Foundation INV-002454
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMalnutrition is a risk factor for child mortality, with around 45% of deaths in children under 5 globally linked to malnutrition. Seasonality of malnutrition has important implications for the timing of child health programme activities, but evidence is mixed on the nature of such patterns. Moreover, the bulk of the existing evidence is focused on wasting and stunting in children 6-59 months, despite increasing evidence that younger children also face a high risk, and that underweight alone is an important predictor of mortality.

methodsThis study used data from the cluster-randomised AVENIR trial which compared the effect of biannual distribution of azithromycin vs placebo on mortality in children 1-59 months old in Niger. AVENIR included a biannual census conducted on a rolling basis over 2 years. A subset of 133 781 infants aged 1-11 months from 2904 communities were included in this study, and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) was calculated at each census. The exposure for this analysis is the day of the year weight was captured. Harmonic regression was used to determine primary and secondary peaks and nadirs of WAZ over time.

resultsOverall, the primary peak of WAZ occurred in late February and the primary nadir occurred in mid-May, aligning with a seasonal temperature increase before the rainy season. A secondary peak in August and a secondary nadir in November were also seen, aligning with the postrainy season.

conclusionThe seasonality of WAZ of infants 1-11 months in Niger may have implications for the timing of programmes aiming to decrease malnutrition.

Indexed as

SeasonsThinnessChild, PreschoolCluster AnalysisFemaleHumansInfantMaleNigerChild healthCluster randomized trialGlobal Health

Identifiers

PMID40154970
PMCPMC11956403

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.