ArticleThe Science of the total environment2025
Urinary concentrations of early and mid-pregnancy parabens and gestational diabetes: A nested case-control study within the PETALS cohort.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Parabens are widely used preservatives with endocrine-disrupting properties, but their role in glucose metabolism during pregnancy is unclear. This study examines prospective associations between urinary concentrations of four parabens in early and mid-pregnancy and gestational diabetes (GDM). A matched case-control study nested within a diverse longitudinal pregnancy cohort (PETALS) with universal GDM screening matched GDM cases to two controls (111 cases; 222 controls). Urine samples collected 2015-2017 in early (14 ± 2.3 weeks) and mid-pregnancy (20 ± 2.4 weeks) were analyzed for paraben concentrations with mass spectrometry. Area-under-the-time-concentration-curve (AUC) assessed cumulative exposure. Conditional logistic regression models evaluated associations between paraben concentrations and GDM, adjusting for covariates. We a priori examined effect modification by Asian/Pacific Islander (A/PI) race/ethnicity due to the case-control matching and GDM prevalence highest among A/PI. Participants were 31 ± 5 years old and 40 % A/PI, 33 % Hispanic, 14 % White and 9 % Black. Methylparaben and propylparaben had >94 % detection, while ethylparaben and butylparaben ranged from 22 %-51 %. Paraben exposure was not associated with GDM overall. Among A/PI, higher methylparaben concentrations exhibited higher odds of GDM: early-pregnancy OR 1.14 per IQR (95 % CI: 0.89,1.45) and AUC 1.07 (0.89,1.30) compared to non-A/PI (early-pregnancy 0.81 [0.62,1.06] and AUC 0.70 [0.44,1.12]; P
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