ArticleScience advances2025
Steroid hormone levels vary with sex, aging, lifestyle, and genetics.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bone aging: a paradigm of multiscale degeneration and targeted rejuvenation.Bone research · 2026Review
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- Association between sex hormones and innate cytotoxic capacity of circulating and rectal mucosal immune cells.Clinical immunology communications · 2026Article
- Characterization of an NADPH-dependent 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from a urinary tract bacterial isolate.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-derived HSD11B1 deficiency drives lung cancer in never-smokers through steroid metabolic imbalance.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Knockout ofZoological research · 2026Article
- Individual differences reveal distinct age and pubertal contributions to the refinement of the functional cortical hierarchy during adolescence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The healthy human global project - Hong Kong: A community-based cross-sectional study of a healthy Asian population.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Cannabis consumption is associated with altered steroid metabolism in young men.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Binding of Steroid Hormones to the FA1 and FA6 Sites of Human Serum Albumin through Computational Biology and Quantum Biochemistry.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis of the human immune system reveals sex-specific dynamics of immunosenescence.Nature aging · 2026Article
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex in Immune Cells and Parasitic Diseases - A Complex Relationship.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Oestradiol dynamics after polytrauma are linked to injury severity and adverse outcomes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mapping of Determinants of Urinary Sex Steroid Metabolites During Late Pregnancy: Results from Two Spanish Cohorts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Absolute quantification of TCA cycle intermediates in mouse ocular tissues reveals distinct tissue- and sex-specific mitochondrial metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Steroid dynamics in myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study using ultra performance supercritical fluid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- The hypothalamic effects of PACAP on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in male mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Steroid hormone levels vary greatly among individuals, between sexes, with age, and across health and disease. What drives variance in steroid hormones and how they vary in individuals over time are not well studied. To address these questions, we measured 17 steroid hormones in a sex-balanced cohort of 949 healthy donors aged 20 to 69 years. We investigated associations between steroid levels and biological sex, age, clinical and demographic data, genetics, and plasma proteomics. Steroid hormone levels were strongly affected by sex and age, and a high number of lifestyle habits. Key observations were the broad impact of hormonal birth control in female donors and the relationship with smoking in male donors. In a 10-year follow-up study, we identified significant associations between steroid hormone levels and health status only in male donors. These observations highlight biological and lifestyle parameters affecting steroid hormones, and underlie the importance of considering sex, age, and potentially gendered behaviors in the treatment of hormone-related diseases.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.