Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40153209›Full record

ReviewLa Radiologia medica2025

Imaging of musculoskeletal injury: timing estimation and medico-legal issues.

Giuseppe Davide Albano, Antonina Argo, Stefania Zerbo, Carlotta Scavone, Francesco Vitale, Carmelo Messina, Salvatore Gitto, Silvia Albano, Mauro Midiri, Paolo Vitali and 6 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in La Radiologia medica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Evaluating the age of rib fractures throughInternational journal of legal medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. The importance of medical imaging history for medicolegal evaluation.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Giuseppe Davide AlbanoInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Antonina ArgoInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Stefania ZerboInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Carlotta ScavoneU.O.C. Di Radiodiagnostica del P.O. S. Marta e S. Venera Acireale, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy.
Francesco VitaleIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy.
Carmelo MessinaDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Salvatore GittoDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Silvia AlbanoDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BI.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
Mauro MidiriInstitute of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Paolo VitaliDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Francesca SerpiIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy.
Giuseppe Lo ReDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BI.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
Massimo GaliaDepartment of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic (BI.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.
Cristina CattaneoDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Luca Maria SconfienzaDipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Domenico AlbanoIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161, Milan, Italy. albanodomenico.md@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7989-9861

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Musculoskeletal imaging plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of trauma, with applications spanning medical, forensic, and insurance contexts. Precisely dating musculoskeletal injuries is vital for reconstructing the timeline of events leading to trauma and verifying their accuracy. In forensic medicine, radiologists are frequently called upon by law enforcement and insurance companies to estimate the age of such injuries. This review aims to provide an overview of musculoskeletal imaging findings that can be used in medico-legal issues related to trauma to reach a comprehensive understanding of the causal relationship between the traumatic event and the clinical findings, with a particular focus on assessing causality, timing estimation and post-traumatic injury and impairment. Imaging plays a pivotal role in the precise and comprehensive evaluation of musculoskeletal traumatic injuries, with applications extending from immediate clinical care to legal and insurance considerations. Through various imaging modalities, it is possible to estimate the time elapsed since the injury and assess the impact of any pre-existing conditions. Effective collaboration between the forensic physician and the radiologist is essential to accurately determine the causal link between the injurious event and the resulting damage. This interdisciplinary approach ensures appropriate compensation and addresses the complex forensic aspects involved.

Indexed as

Diagnostic ImagingForensic MedicineMusculoskeletal SystemWounds and InjuriesHumansTime FactorsCausalityForensicInjuryMedico-legal issuesMusculoskeletal imagingTrauma

Identifiers

PMID40153209
PMCPMC12185559

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.