Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40153118›Full record

ArticleForensic toxicology2025

Cross-reactivity of the epimers of 11-nor-9-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol, metabolites of hexahydrocannabinol, with panel tests for urinary Δ

Kenji Tsujikawa, Yuki Okada, Hiroki Segawa, Tadashi Yamamuro, Kenji Kuwayama, Tatsuyuki Kanamori, Yuko T Iwata

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Forensic toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kenji TsujikawaNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan. tujikawa@nrips.go.jp.ORCID 0000-0003-1380-9565
Yuki OkadaNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
Hiroki SegawaNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
Tadashi YamamuroNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
Kenji KuwayamaNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
Tatsuyuki KanamoriNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
Yuko T IwataNational Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe epimers of 11-nor-9-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol (HHC-COOH) have been identified as metabolites of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC) in human urine. Owing to the similarity of chemical structures to 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ

methodsHuman urine spiked with 9α- and 9β-HHC-COOH (final concentrations: 20-500 ng/mL) was subjected to three panel tests (Driven Flow THC L50, IVeX-Screen THC L50-S, and AccuSign THC) with a nominal cutoff concentration of 50 ng/mL for Δ

resultsThe lowest concentrations judged as positive were 100-500 ng/mL for 9α-HHC-COOH and 50-100 ng/mL for 9β-HHC-COOH. Intact urine samples from an alleged HHC user, whose 9α-/9β-HHC-COOH concentrations (ng/mL) were < 4.0/25.5 before alkaline hydrolysis and 13.4/132.2 after alkaline hydrolysis, were positive for all three panel tests.

conclusionsBoth epimers of HHC-COOH showed cross-reactivity in three panel tests. The reactivity of 9β-HHC-COOH was found to be higher than that of 9α-HHC-COOH. The urine test results from the alleged HHC user suggested that the acyl glucuronides of HHC-COOH also exhibited cross-reactivity. Users of panel tests for urinary Δ

Indexed as

CannabinolDronabinolSubstance Abuse DetectionCross ReactionsHumansCannabinolDronabinol11-nor-9-carboxy-hexahydrocannabinol11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolCross-reactivityPanel test

Identifiers

PMID40153118

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.