Observational studyEuropean journal of pain (London, England)2025
Prevalence of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders and Overlapping Primary Headaches Among Young Adults.
Observational study in European journal of pain (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnosis-based pathways for conservative and minimally invasive management of temporomandibular disorders: a scoping review.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Clinical findings and associated MRI findings of temporomandibular joint disc degeneration.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Sex differences in pain and psychosocial burden in adolescent temporomandibular disorders.Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice · 2026Article
- Temporomandibular disorders in a tertiary clinic: associations with pain, chronicity, sleep versus awake bruxism, and psychological factors-a retrospective study.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Association between serum calcium concentrations and neuropsychological symptoms of migraine patients in early pregnancy.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Association Between Occlusal Wear, Viscoelastic Properties, and Pain in Masticatory Muscles in Individuals With or Without Headache and Neck Pain: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Pre-natal nutrition as risk factor for painful temporomandibular disorders and headaches in young adults.Headache · 2026Article
- Clinical features of chronic tension-type headache combined with hyperacusis: a cross-sectional study.Sao Paulo medical journal = Revista paulista de medicina · 2026Article
- Associations between temporomandibular disorders/bruxism and head and neck pains: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2025Article
- OnabotulinumtoxinA to Prevent Chronic Migraine with Comorbid Bruxism: Real-World Data from the GRASP Study Group.Toxins · 2025Article
- Association between clinical findings and 3T MRI features in temporomandibular joint disorders.BMC oral health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundLarge population-based estimates of the prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders (p-TMD) utilising standardised screening tools are scarce and have not investigated the prevalence of overlapping primary headaches. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of p-TMD in a large population of young adults (18 to 23 years) and to estimate the co-occurrence of p-TMD and two primary headaches, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). The study also aimed to examine the extent of psychological (PHQ-4) and physical (PHQ-15) comorbidities and report prevalence across three gender categories (women, men and other).
methodsSurvey data from the Danish National Birth Cohort were collected (n = 11,982), in a cross-sectional observational design. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to address participation bias, revealing minimal impact on the estimates.
resultsThe overall prevalence of p-TMD was 26.4% with gender-specific prevalence of women: 31.5%, other: 39.2% and men: 16.8%. Among those with p-TMD, 80.5% reported headaches at least once a month, and 13.8% over 15 days monthly. For the p-TMD individuals with a medical headache diagnosis, 31.9% experienced TTH and 10.9% migraine. The study also identified a higher proportion of moderate/severe psychological distress and physical symptoms in the p-TMD group compared to the non-p-TMD group. Logistic regression revealed a positive association between PHQ-4 and p-TMD, modified by gender (p = 0.016).
conclusionsHigh overall prevalence of p-TMD and overlapping primary headaches was found in young adults. In addition, the study reports gender-specific associations between p-TMD, psychological distress and physical comorbidities indicating that this association is stronger for men than for women. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study found a higher-than-expected prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders in young adults. It is based on a large population cohort and used standardised and validated screening tools. The study also reported common co-occurrence of primary headaches and explored gender differences. The study raises awareness for a possibly underestimated health burden in young individuals, particularly among individuals experiencing psychological distress and multiple physical symptoms.
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