ArticleThe Plant cell2025
A rearranged Amaranthus palmeri extrachromosomal circular DNA confers resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate.
Article in The Plant cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Validation of the International Weed Genomics Consortium genome annotation pipeline through reannotation of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana.The plant genome · 2026Article
- Analysis of glutamine synthetase target-site mutations and their role in endowing glufosinate-ammonium resistance.Pest management science · 2026Article
- What we learn from weed genetics.American journal of botany · 2026Article
- Chromosome-level genome assembly of triploid Cyperus rotundus uncovers allelic expression patterns and herbicide resistance mechanisms.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Extrachromosomal circular DNA are functional, heritable units that expand genomic plasticity and confer resilience.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- DNA Circles as Vehicles for Genes to Evade Chromosomal Discipline.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Palmer amaranth's arsenal: Rearrangement of eccDNA provides dual herbicide resistance in Amaranthus palmeri.The Plant cell · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Some herbicide-resistant weeds become resistant by generating additional copies of specific loci. For example, amplification of the locus encoding chloroplastic glutamine synthetase (GS2) produces herbicide resistance in the glufosinate-resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) accession MSR2. Previously, overamplification of the glyphosate-resistant gene encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in Palmer amaranth was determined to be driven by an extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA). Here, we describe a rearranged eccDNA that confers resistance to both glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium due to the coduplication of the native chromosomal regions that contain the genes that encode for these herbicides target proteins. In addition to EPSPS, the replicon carries 2 GS2 isoforms (GS2.1 and GS2.2) and other genes. MSR2 samples harbored eccDNA carrying only EPSPS coexisting with eccDNAs harboring both EPSPS and GS2. A second glufosinate-resistant Palmer amaranth accession (MSR1) showed distinct GS2.1 and GS2.2 amplification patterns from MSR2, suggesting the existence of diverse replicons in Palmer amaranth. EPSPS copy number was correlated with both GS2 isoforms copy number in MSR2, further supporting the coexistence of these genes in the same replicon. These findings shed light on the complexity of eccDNA formation in plant systems, with the collection and accumulation of extra pieces of DNA.
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