ArticleChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
Development of Eco-Friendly Thermosetting Resins From Zein and Diglycidyl Ether of Vanillyl Alcohol. A Step Toward Sustainable Materials.
Article in Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Herein, bisphenol A-free, biobased, and sustainable thermosets were obtained for the first time by using two naturally derived compounds. Zein, a renewable biopolymer extracted from maize, exhibited excellent reactivity and versatility, while the diglycidyl ether of vanillyl alcohol (DGEVA), a biobased epoxy monomer derived from vanillin, served as a sustainable alternative to petrochemical epoxides. By chemically integrating Zein into DGEVA thermosetting networks, environmentally friendly resins with excellent thermomechanical properties were developed. A comprehensive analysis of seven formulations, incorporating up to 30 wt.% Zein, provided critical insights into the relationship between protein content and resin properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis highlighted a strong interaction between Zein and DGEVA's epoxy groups, resulting in significantly higher polymerization enthalpies compared to neat DGEVA homopolymerization. This indicates the formation of robust crosslinked networks driven by Zein's multifunctional groups. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated substantial improvements in the thermosets' glass transition (T
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