Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40151635›Full record

ArticleIJID regions2025

Prevalence and characteristics of long COVID among COVID-19 survivors in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

Haya M Almalag, Njoud Altuwaijri, Lamya S Alnaim, Dareen Alassiri, Ghaida Alsolaimi, Sarah Aldakhil, Noha Al Aloola, Jawza F Alsabhan, Ghada A Bawazeer, Lobna Al Juffali and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IJID regions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Haya M AlmalagCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Njoud AltuwaijriCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lamya S AlnaimCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dareen AlassiriCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ghaida AlsolaimiCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Sarah AldakhilCollege of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Noha Al AloolaCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Jawza F AlsabhanCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Ghada A BawazeerCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Lobna Al JuffaliCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hadeel AlkofideCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rihaf AlfarajCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nora AlkhudairCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Raniah AljadeedCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Rana AljadeedCollege of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: This study explores the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of long COVID among COVID-19 survivors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 486 COVID-19 survivors was conducted. Participants were confirmed via polymerase chain reaction testing and enrolled from November 2020 to December 2020. Results: The study found a high prevalence of long COVID symptoms, with 61% of participants reporting persistent symptoms. The prevalence was similar across demographic factors: 43% were aged 18-30 years, 71% were female, and 30% had comorbidities. The most common symptoms included fatigue (56%), breathlessness (47%), loss of smell (44%), and muscle aches (40%), alongside digestive issues, chest pain, headaches, tachycardia, joint pain, and skin problems. Conclusions: This study underscores the significance of understanding long COVID's impact on individuals' health and quality of life. It highlights the necessity for further research to guide health care strategies and support COVID-19 survivors in Saudi Arabia.

Indexed as

COVID-19Long COVIDSaudi Arabia

Identifiers

PMID40151635
PMCPMC11937696

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.