ArticleJournal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan2025
Network pharmacology approach to unveiling the mechanism of berberine in the amelioration of morphine tolerance.
Article in Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Berberine alleviates alcoholic liver diseaseactivating intestinal nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group D member 1.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- TRPV1 channel antagonist capsazepine alleviates morphine tolerance and morphine-induced neurotoxicity by preventing mitochondrial damage and apoptosis: an in vivo and in vitro study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- The therapeutic potential of phytochemicals in morphine tolerance: targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Dynamic management of traumatic brain injury in rat: injectable hydrogels and future directions.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the mechanism underlying the effect of the Huanglian decoction (, HLD) on morphine tolerance (MT), using network pharmacology, and to verify these mechanisms
methodsAvailable biological data on each drug in the HLD were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The target proteins of MT were retrieved from the GeneCards, PharmGkb, Therapeutic Target Database, DrugBank, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases. Information regarding MT and the drug targets was compared to obtain overlapping elements. This information was imported into the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins platform to obtain a protein-protein interaction network diagram. Then, a "component-target" network diagram was constructed using screened drug components and target information,
resultsNetwork pharmacology analysis identified 22 active compounds of HLD and revealed that HLD partially ameliorated MT by modulating inflammatory, apoptosis, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Berberine (BBR), one of the main components of HLD, inhibited the development of MT in mice. BBR reduced cell viability while increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression and decreasing CD86, NF-κB, Bax, and Caspase-3 protein expression in brain vascular 2 (BV2) mcroglia cells treated with morphine. Additionally, BBR contributed to a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine release and apoptotic cell number.
conclusionsBBR, a key component of HLD, effectively suppressed microglial activation and neuro-inflammation by regulating the NF-κB and apoptosis signaling pathways, thereby delaying MT. This study offers a novel approach to enhance the clinical analgesic efficacy of morphine.
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