Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40150471›Full record

ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Are Virtual Forests Just for Relaxation, or Can They Enhance the Benefits of Therapy?

You Zhi Hu, Max Beggs, Yu Xue, Sinuo Gao, Junyoung Seok, Yawen Xiao, Ziqi Zhou, Yifei Zhou, Alex Mariakakis, Mark Chignell

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

You Zhi HuDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8467-2768
Max BeggsDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Yu XueDepartment of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
Sinuo GaoFaculty of Information, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G6, Canada.
Junyoung SeokDepartment of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
Yawen XiaoDepartment of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.
Ziqi ZhouDepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.
Yifei ZhouDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0009-0006-0813-4064
Alex MariakakisDepartment of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-9986-3345
Mark ChignellDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8120-6905

Funding

NSERC Discovery Award RGPIN-2018-06591
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Forest bathing (Shinrin-Yoku in Japanese) is used as an intervention for improving mental health, with VR being used to create virtual forests for relaxation. BACKGROUND/

objectivesIn this research, we added therapeutic intent to a virtual forest with the goal of reducing social anxiety, with and without therapeutic instruction.

methodsFifty-eight first-year psychology students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: virtual forest only, therapeutic exercises only, and both combined.

resultsAll three conditions enhanced restorative effects equally. However, only the therapeutic exercise-only condition showed a tendency to reduce social anxiety. Participants in the combined condition reported more positive experiences and showed better comprehension of therapy content in the virtual forest.

conclusionsWhile the non-VR approach may offer immediate relaxation and possible anxiety reduction, combining the virtual forest with therapeutic exercises may yield better outcomes for sustained engagement and understanding over multiple therapeutic sessions.

Indexed as

forest bathingmental healthmental wellnesssocial anxietyvirtual naturevirtual reality therapy

Identifiers

PMID40150471
PMCPMC11942069

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.