ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2025
Seasonal Variation in Essential Minerals, Trace Elements, and Potentially Toxic Elements in Donkey Milk from Banat and Balkan Breeds in the Zasavica Nature Reserve.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Changes in milk composition of raw, frozen, pasteurized, and freeze-dried jenny milk from a farm-scale dairy.Food chemistry: X · 2026Article
- Incorporating Pooled Donkey Milk from Autochthonous Balkan and Banat Donkey Breeds into Traditional Dairy Products: Effects on Technological Properties, Nutritional Profile, and Sensory Acceptability ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- Morphological, Morphometric and Phaneroptic Variations of the Mediterranean Donkey and Tunisian Perspective on Conservation and Breeding.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The Donkey Genome: From Evolutionary Insights to Sustainable Breeding Strategies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- A Comparative Review of Donkey Genetic Resources, Production Traits, and Industrial Utilization: Perspectives from China and Globally.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Impact of Balkan and Banat Donkey Milk on the Technological Process, Microbiological Quality, Composition, and Consumer Acceptability of Rolled Cheese.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Donkey milk is highly valued for its unique nutritional characteristics and hypoallergenic properties. However, limited data exist on its mineral composition and potential contaminants. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the concentration of selected essential and toxic elements from Banat and Balkan donkey breeds reared under extensive organic conditions (free-range) across different seasons. The focus was on determining the concentrations of essential minerals and trace elements (Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Cu, Se), and potentially toxic elements (As, Pb, Hg, Cd). Samples were collected monthly over one year, with nine pooled samples per season. Mineral elements were determined using a validated ICP-MS method. The mineral content ranges (mg/kg) were Ca (588.9-744.4), P (355.6-533.3), Mg (71.1-84.4), K (444.4-711.1), Na (355.6-444.4), with trace elements (mg/kg) including Zn (2.06-2.21), Cu (0.31-0.68), and Se (0.02-0.05). Potentially toxic elements were within safe limits, with the exception that Pb levels exceeded permissible limits in two samples. Statistically significant seasonal variations were observed for Ca, P, K, As, and Cu. Donkey milk from both breeds was rich in minerals and low in contaminants. This research highlights the need for further studies on the nutritional and safety aspects of donkey milk.
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