Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40150258›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Flow Experience and Innovative Behavior of University Teachers: Model Development and Empirical Testing.

Xing Chen, Ling Wu, Lehan Jia, Mohammed A M AlGerafi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xing ChenCollege of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Ling WuCollege of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1247-3430
Lehan JiaCollege of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
Mohammed A M AlGerafiCollege of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0243-5318

Funding

the Research Project on Educational Common Prosperity of Zhejiang Normal University 23JYGF22Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning 23NDJC107YB
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The innovative behavior of university teachers plays a vital, long-term role in advancing scientific and technological innovation and in nurturing high-level talent. Flow experience is influenced by flow antecedents such as the balance between challenge and skill, clear goals, immediate feedback, intrinsic motivation, and perceived risk. Moreover, flow experience, characterized by deep concentration and effective attention allocation, is essential in facilitating innovative behavior by enhancing problem-solving and analytical abilities. This study explores the relationship between flow experience and innovative behavior among university teachers, providing a fresh theoretical perspective for encouraging such behavior. To investigate this, the study developed the "University Teacher Flow Experience Scale" and the "University Teacher Innovative Behavior Scale". A survey of 316 university teachers in China was conducted, with statistical analysis utilizing variance analysis and structural equation modeling. Results showed that both flow experience and innovative behavior were at moderate levels. Significant variations in innovation levels were noted across disciplines, professional titles, and positions, but no gender differences were found. Antecedents such as a balance between challenges and skills, clear goals, immediate feedback, and intrinsic motivation positively influenced flow experience, while perceived risk had a negative impact. Flow experience itself significantly enhanced innovative behavior among university teachers. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing the factors contributing to flow experience at institutional and individual levels to promote innovation in higher education.

Indexed as

flow experienceinnovative behaviorSOR theorystructural equation modelinguniversity teachers

Identifiers

PMID40150258
PMCPMC11939353

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.