ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Methods Employed in Studies Identifying "Levels" of Test Anxiety in University Students: A Systematic Review.
Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence of test anxiety among medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the Effectiveness of a Solution-Focused Brief Therapy-Based Intervention on Exam Anxiety in First-Year Polish University Students: A Pilot Study with a Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The mediating role of problem solving in the relationship between emotional intelligence and mental well-being.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Test anxiety research has been dominated by attention to theory building and examining the causes and consequences of this construct. However, recently, considerable attention has been turned toward using test anxiety as a diagnostic indicator of students who are at risk of underperforming in educational settings. This systematic review of the literature was focused on (a) describing the strategies used in the field, (b) highlighting the benefits and limitations of those approaches, and (c) offering guidance in creating a framework for appropriate methods when identifying severity levels on measures of test anxiety for university students. The results confirmed that the vast majority of studies on test anxiety have no formal "leveling" approaches (maintaining test anxiety as a continuous variable). However, when researchers do employ "leveling" strategies, the majority adopt inappropriate methods (e.g., single-sample splits). However, there are exemplars that demonstrate statistically sound procedures for identifying distinct profiles of test anxiety that may form a basis to build consensus around a classification method for elevated test anxiety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.