ReviewCancers2025
Tumor Heterogeneity and the Immune Response in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Insights and Implications for Immunotherapy.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an updated meta-analysis based on phase 3 randomized controlled trials.World journal of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Smoking reshapes systemic metabolic coordination across lung cancer subtypes: a multicenter total-bodyEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Multi-Target Antitumor Effects of Natural Products and Approved Drug Repurposing in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Advances in Mechanisms, Combination Regimens, Delivery System Optimization, and Clinical Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The logarithmic phase as a therapeutic direction: evaluating pharmacological strategies against cancer progression.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Transmembrane mucin 21 drives lung adenocarcinoma growth by suppressing retinoic acid receptor β signaling.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation inhibition by 9α,11α-dihydroxy-kaurenoic acid promotes ROS-associated apoptosis and suppresses cancer stemness in non-small cell lung cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Coordinated Multicellular Immune Programs and Drug Targets Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis in Driver-Mutated NSCLC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Radiomic features of CECT and SUVmax of dual-tracer PET/CT reveal PD-L1 spatial heterogeneity in PDAC.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2026Article
- Bibliometric analysis of research trends and hotspots in immunotherapy biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer from 2015 to 2024.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Targetable driver gene-tumor immune microenvironment axis in non-small cell lung cancer: from molecular pathological mechanisms to precision immunotherapy stratification strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Darwinian Perspective on Tumor Evolution.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for non-small cell lung cancer therapy: promises and challenges.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Review
- Directions of Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Past, Present and Possible Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- What Is Apoptosis and Why Is It Inhibited by the Most Important Tumor Suppressor (p53)?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dual-targeted N-PMIMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- NSCLC EGFR Mutation Prediction via Random Forest Model: A Clinical-CT-Radiomics Integration Approach.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Metal-Based Nanomedicines for Inducing Programmed Cell Death to Enhance the Efficacy of Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a major challenge for the effective treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor heterogeneity has been identified as an important mechanism of treatment resistance in cancer and has been increasingly implicated in ICI resistance. The diversity and clonality of tumor neoantigens, which represent the target epitopes for tumor-specific immune cells, have been shown to impact the efficacy of immunotherapy. Advances in genomic techniques have further enhanced our understanding of clonal landscapes within NSCLC and their evolution in response to therapy. In this review, we examine the role of tumor heterogeneity during immune surveillance in NSCLC and highlight its spatial and temporal evolution as revealed by modern technologies. We explore additional sources of heterogeneity, including epigenetic and metabolic factors, that have come under greater scrutiny as potential mediators of the immune response. We finally discuss the implications of tumor heterogeneity on the efficacy of ICIs and highlight potential strategies for overcoming therapeutic resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.