Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40148974›Full record

SynthesisOrphanet journal of rare diseases2025

Epidemiology of gall bladder cancer and its prevalence worldwide: a meta-analysis.

Ali Afzal, Yan-Yan Liu, Amara Noureen, Amna Rehman, Mehreen Iftikhar, Hanan Afzal, Fareeha Azam, Umair Ali Khan Saddozai, Tayyba Jan, Zoya Asif and 3 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Observational
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  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Ali Afzal *Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-1257
Yan-Yan Liu *Medical College of Xuchang University, Xufan Rd, Weidu District, Xuchang City, 461000, Henan, China.
Amara Noureen *Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
Amna Rehman *Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Mehreen IftikharApplied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
Hanan AfzalMolecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Fareeha AzamInstitute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Umair Ali Khan SaddozaiInstitute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
Tayyba JanDepartment of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University (LCWU), Lahore, Pakistan.
Zoya AsifApplied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
Lei ZhangHenan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China. zhlei@henu.edu.cn.
Xin-Ying JiCenter for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects, Shu-Qing Medical College of Zhengzhou, Gong-Ming Rd, Mazhai Town, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450064, Henan, China. 10190096@vip.henu.edu.cn.
Muhammad Babar Khawar *Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. babarkhawar@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1812-0591

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGallbladder carcinoma (GBC) accounts for 1.3% of cancer incidence and 1.7% of cancer-related deaths which emphasizes the need for comprehensive research in epidemiological trends.

aimWe aim to address this gap by investigating global prevalence trends across various regions, age groups, risk factors and cancer stages.

methodsA meta-analysis of studies retrieved from Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science, reporting prevalence of GBC was conducted using a predetermined screening criterion. Meta Regression and Egger's Regression-based tests were employed to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively.

resultsWe identified three types of studies (n = 20), primarily originating from Asia (n = 10) over a cumulative time period of 24 years (1988-2012). The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant GBC prevalence of 20.3 ± 5.2% (95% CI 9.3-31.3%, p = 0.001) among at-risk populations, including those with gallstones or cholecystitis. Analysis of potential publication bias showed none, nevertheless, individual parameters indicated varying significance. Subgroup analyses highlighted regional, temporal, and demographic variations, emphasizing the influence of factors like sample size and age on GBC prevalence. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations with sample size (p < 0.01), gender distribution (male: r = 0.85, p < 0.01, female: r = 0.806, p < 0.01), and prevalence rates (r = 0.98, p = 0.04).

conclusionDespite of less data present, our comprehensive overview of prevalence, regional variations, and demographic associations serves as a crucial starting point for future targeted investigations. The study fulfills a gap in epidemiology of GBC and emphasizes the need for increased attention and provides a pioneering arena in future.

Indexed as

Gallbladder NeoplasmsFemaleGlobal HealthHumansMalePrevalenceRisk FactorsCancer researchEpidemiologyGallbladder cancerGlobal trendsPrevalenceRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID40148974
PMCPMC11948642

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.