ArticleJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2025
C-FOS promotes the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and the recruitment of neutrophils in lung metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer.
Article in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Bone Marrow Reserve to Metastatic Niche: How Neutrophil-Lineage Cells Shape Skeletal Colonization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis) in gynecologic cancers: from pathogenesis to therapeutic opportunities: a narrative review.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Targeting Cathepsin C in Cancer Metastasis: Protease Network Activation, Inflammatory Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Roles of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer immunotherapy resistance and therapeutic targeting.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Review
- Trem1 regulates neutrophil metabolism and recruitment in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Germacrone suppresses renal cancer growth by regulating c-Fos-mediated lipid metabolism.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cancer Metastasis: From Mechanistic Understanding to Targeted Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Spatial2GWAS: a database for linking spatial transcriptomic regions with GWAS traits.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Shear Stress Promotes Metastasis of Triple-negative Breast Cancer Cells Through Calcium Channel-ROS-FOS Axis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- FOS Knockdown Alleviates Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastritis by Suppressing Mast Cell Activation and Treg Polarization.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- S100A9 regulates eosinophil extracellular trap and activates NF-κB signaling in endometrial cancer: a machine learning-based biomarker discovery.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- PANDORA-Seq Unveils the Hidden Small Non-Coding RNA Landscape in Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Spatiotemporal Regulatory Networks: Dual Roles in Tumor Growth Regulation and Metastasis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The LncRNA RMST-miR-4295-ITPR1 axis: a key mechanism in regulating autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer cells.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- FRA1 (Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- A stage specific NETs-related signature in alcoholic steatohepatitis: from molecular subtyping to therapeutic vulnerabilities.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are composed of DNA chains from neutrophils and associated proteolytic enzymes, which play an important role in cancer metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of NET-mediated lung metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear.
methodsThe expression levels of NETs in breast cancer specimens and serum were analyzed and compared with normal samples. Single-cell sequencing bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes and functional enrichment related to NET formation in patients with breast cancer. The effects of c-FOS on neutrophil recruitment and NET formation in TNBC were investigated. The upstream and downstream regulatory mechanisms mediated by c-FOS were explored through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therapeutic approaches targeting c-FOS for treating TNBC were further studied.
resultsInhibition of c-FOS can suppress tumor growth and lung metastasis in TNBC. Mechanistically, c-FOS promotes transcription by binding to the PAD4 promoter region, facilitating the formation of NETs. Additionally, the activation of the ROS-p38 pathway further enhances c-FOS expression. High expression of c-FOS also promotes the expression of inflammatory factors, facilitating neutrophil recruitment. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the application of T5224 effectively inhibits the formation of NETs, suppressing lung metastasis and tumor growth.
conclusionIn summary, this study demonstrates that the ROS-p38-cFOS-PAD4 axis can increase NET formation in TNBC and promote the expression of inflammatory factors, facilitating neutrophil recruitment. Therefore, targeting this pathway may help inform new therapeutic strategies and provide new insights for immunotherapy in TNBC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.