ArticleBMC health services research2025
Income-related benefit mobility before and after Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance integration: a longitudinal analysis of China.
Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Utilization of public health services and health outcomes among China's migrant population: an equity analysis.Frontiers in health services · 2026Article
- From midlife emergence to old-age divergence: an empirical study on structural gendered ageism in health service utilization in Tibet.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- How Does the Basic Urban-Rural Medical Insurance Affect Resident Health Inequality? Evidence from China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo improve equity in medical insurance benefits, the Chinese government integrated the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme for rural residents and the Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance for nonworking urban residents into a unified Urban and Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance system (URRBMI). This study aims to assess income-related mobility in medical insurance benefits before and after the integration of the two schemes, and to explore its contribution to improving medical insurance equity.
methodsThe panel data were obtained from the 2011 and 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, with 9,662 participants. To assess the benefits residents received from medical insurance, four indicators were analyzed for outpatient and inpatient care respectively: benefit rate, benefit probability, compensation fee, and reimbursement probability. The concentration index (CI) was used to measure the income-related inequality of medical insurance benefits. Changes in inequality across the two waves were decomposed into income-related benefit mobility and benefit-related income mobility, which reflect variations in relative benefit changes among individuals with different initial income levels, capturing the effect of integration on benefit inequality.
resultsResults indicated a significant increase in all medical insurance benefit measures following integration, except for outpatient care benefit probability and inpatient care reimbursement probability. The CIs shifted from positive in 2011 to negative in 2018 (0.129 vs. -0.052 for the benefit rate, 0.147 vs. -0.044 for the benefit probability, and 0.148 vs. -0.097 for the reimbursement probability, p < 0.001). The income-related mobility for inpatient care (benefit rate, benefit probability, and compensation amount) were positive when the average benefit level increased across the two waves. In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in outpatient benefit mobility.
conclusionsThe findings indicated that income-related inequalities in medical insurance benefits were narrowed due to pro-poor changes in inpatient care equity for inpatient care after integration. This integration has contributed to building a more equitable healthcare system. However, further efforts are needed to expand outpatient benefit coverage in the integrated URRBMI scheme.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.