Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40148925›Full record

ArticleBMC psychology2025

Responsible leadership practices amid COVID-19 to foster nurses' occupational calling and curtail emotional exhaustion: a pre-and post-intervention effects analysis.

Nilesh Kumar, Changfeng Wang, Muhammad Yaseen Bhutto

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Nilesh KumarSchool of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P.R. China. nileshk@live.com.
Changfeng WangCollege of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, P.R. China. cfw@zjnu.edu.cn.
Muhammad Yaseen BhuttoDepartment of Business Administration, North American University, Stafford, 77477, United States of America.

Funding

National Social Science Fund of China 22AGL006Zhejiang Normal University YS304223975
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems and their workers worldwide, including nurses. Frontline nurses experienced increased levels of stress and fatigue due to extensive and prolonged work hours, inadequate protective equipment, and fear of contracting the virus. This has resulted in a rise in emotional exhaustion among nurses. Therefore, it is crucial for organizations to address these challenges to sustain workers' psychological wellbeing for better patient outcomes. PURPOSE/

objectivePast studies have shown no link between responsible leadership (RL) and nurses' occupational calling (OC) and emotional exhaustion (EE) amid COVID-9 or any situational setting. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of RL practices in improving the OC and alleviating the EE of nurses working in the COVID-19 ward of 94 government healthcare settings, including rural health centers (RHCs) and special COVID-19 response centers (CRCs), in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY: The study employed a quasi-experimental pre-and post-design with responsible leadership-based interventions and a descriptive approach. Leadership practices included effective communication on COVID-19 guidelines, infection control measures, mental health support services, and others. An online questionnaire survey measured pre- and post-intervention effects using RL, OC, and EE scales. The sample comprised 289 frontline nurses, recruited via convenient sampling, who participated in a three-months program in the COVID-19 ward. Data analysis was conducted using AMOS and SPSS software, involving basic analysis and paired T-tests.

findingsThe paired t-test results revealed a significant improvement in nurses' OC after the implementation of the RL intervention. The mean score for OC increased from 5.162 (SD = 1.151; t-value = 76.253) to 5.403 (SD = 1.054; t-value = 87.138; p < 0.001). Similarly, the intervention significantly reduced EE among nurses. The mean score for EE decreased from 4.386 (SD = 1.037; t-value = 71.879) to 3.614 (SD = 1.336; t-value = 45.987; p < 0.001). Both were statistically significant. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Policymakers may need to consider the role of leadership practices in mitigating the negative effects of the pandemic on healthcare professionals' well-being (i.e., EE and OC).

conclusionsLeadership intervention can provide healthcare workers with the necessary skills and resources to cope with the challenges of their jobs, ultimately improving the quality of care provided to patients.

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCOVID-19LeadershipNursesNursing Staff, HospitalAdultEmotional ExhaustionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPakistanSARS-CoV-2Surveys and QuestionnairesCOVID-19Emotional exhaustionHealthcare organizationsOccupational callingResponsible leadership

Identifiers

PMID40148925
PMCPMC11951585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.