Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40148866›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2025

Changing trends in oral mucosal diseases in China (2016-2024): a cross-sectional study of 316,166 patients with focus on COVID-19 impact and use of chinese patent medicines.

Peiru Zhou, Xu Zhang, Yifan Chen, Jiakun Fang, Yanhong Meng, Furong Yang, Pan Wei, Hong Hua

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC oral health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Peiru Zhou *Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Street Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China.
Xu Zhang *Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Yifan ChenInformation Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China.
Jiakun FangOffice of Operations Management, National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Yanhong MengDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
Furong YangDepartment of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Street Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China.
Pan WeiDepartment of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Street Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China. dent_wei@163.com.
Hong HuaDepartment of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Street Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China. honghua1968@aliyun.com.

Funding

Haidian Cultivation Plan for Health Improvement and Research HP2023-12-509002National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC3605603Program of the new clinical techniques of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology PKUSSNCT-22A08Program of the new clinical techniques of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology PKUSSNCT-24A10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOral mucosal health is a critical component of overall oral health and impacts an individual's quality of life. Despite variations in prevalence rates of oral mucosal diseases across regions, previous studies often involved small sample sizes with insufficient data analysis. This study addresses the gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the changing spectrum of oral mucosal diseases in China, with a focus on the impact of COVID-19. It also explores trends in the use of Chinese patent medicines (CPMs) for treatment.

methodsThis retrospective, cross-sectional study included 316,166 patients from the Department of Oral Medicine at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between 2016 and 2024. Data on patient demographics, chief complaints, diagnoses, and the use of CPMs were collected and analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made using t-tests and chi-square tests, with significance set at P < 0.05.

resultsThe average patient age was 49.42 ± 17.92 years, and women were significantly overrepresented (male/female ratio: 0.59). The most frequent diagnoses were oral lichen planus and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, accounting for the top two positions each year. The study found significant differences in disease patterns among age groups, with oral potentially malignant disorders like oral lichen planus becoming more prevalent in older populations. CPMs were used by 52.29% of patients, with similar proportions using topical and systemic treatments. During the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022), the number of patients dropped significantly, and an increased prevalence of burning mouth syndrome and oral candidiasis was observed.

conclusionThis study offers the largest amount of valuable epidemiological data on the management of oral mucosal diseases to date in China, underscoring the need for targeted health resource allocation. An important trend was the greater predilection for females and middle-aged and elderly populations. The top three diseases in terms of number of patients were oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and oral candidiasis. The treatment data indicated widespread use of CPMs for oral mucosal diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant decrease in the number of total patients and was also characterized by an increase in the proportion of patients with diseases that have psychosomatic associations. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the widespread use of CPMs warrant further investigation in future studies to ensure evidence-based medical practices. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

COVID-19Drugs, Chinese HerbalMouth DiseasesNonprescription DrugsAdolescentAdultAgedCandidiasis, OralChinaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLichen Planus, OralMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesDrugs, Chinese HerbalNonprescription DrugsChinaChinese patent medicinesCOVID-19Oral diseasesOral mucosal diseaseSpectrum

Identifiers

PMID40148866
PMCPMC11948658

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.