ArticleJournal of nanobiotechnology2025
5-FU@HFn combined with decitabine induces pyroptosis and enhances antitumor immunotherapy for chronic myeloid leukemia.
Article in Journal of nanobiotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Transferrin receptor 1: an emerging therapeutic target in cancer beyond iron metabolism.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- The molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and its implications in tumor immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Targeted nanoparticle-mediated Co-delivery of IFITM3 KO and ponatinib reverses TKI resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Decoding the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and its therapeutic development prospects.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The Landscape of Ferritin Nanocages for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Cracking the code of cancer immunotherapy resistance: emerging roles of pyroptosis and necroptosis.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) constitute the primary treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, resistance to TKIs often leads to treatment failure. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has emerged as a promising strategy in cancer therapy due to its ability to eliminate tumor cells while stimulating antitumor immunity. Low-dose decitabine (DAC) has been shown to reverse methylation-induced silencing of the pyroptosis-related gene gasdermin E (GSDME) in some tumor cells, offering a potential new therapeutic option for CML. Herein, we propose a combination therapy using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent, and low-dose DAC to induce pyroptosis in CML cells via the caspase-3/GSDME pathway. However, the nonspecific targeting of 5-FU diminishes its pyroptosis efficacy and causes off-target toxicity, highlighting the need for a targeted drug delivery system.
resultsIn this study, we developed 5-FU@HFn nanoparticles (NPs) by loading 5-FU into the recombinant human heavy chain ferritin (HFn) nanocage through a high-temperature via the drug channels on the protein cage. The loading efficiency was approximately 50.62 ± 1.17 µg of 5-FU per mg of HFn. 5-FU@HFn NPs selectively targeted CML cells through CD71-mediated uptake, significantly enhancing the therapeutic effects of 5-FU. When combined with DAC, 5-FU@HFn NPs effectively activated pyroptosis via the caspase-3/GSDME pathway in both TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant CML cells. In a CML mouse model, this combination therapy significantly suppressed tumorigenesis and triggered a robust antitumor immune response, facilitating the clearance of leukemic cells. Furthermore, the 5-FU@HFn NPs exhibited excellent in vivo safety.
conclusionsThe innovative therapeutic strategy, combining 5-FU@HFn nanoparticles with low-dose DAC, effectively induces caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis and activates antitumor immunity for CML. This approach offers a potential alternative for patients resistant or intolerant to TKIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.