SynthesisJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2025
Strategies to reduce CMV infectivity in breastmilk to preterm babies - impact on transmission, nutrients, and bioactivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ascites and Enterocolitis in a Preterm Infant with Acquired CMV Infection: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Breast milk-acquired cytomegalovirus (aCMV) infection with sepsis-like syndrome in extremely preterm twins.IDCases · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPostnatal CMV infection (pCMV) acquired via breastmilk is associated with morbidity and mortality in vulnerable infants (<32 weeks or <1500 g). 'Treatment' of breast milk reduces CMV infectivity but quantitative impact on transmission, viral loads, bioactive and nutritional elements is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess how each method impacts CMV transmission rates and viral loads and provide a narrative review of their impact on nutritional and bioactive elements.
methodsThree search strategies for MEDLINE and EMBASE were used to identify articles studying the impact of treatment methods on CMV transmission (Arm A), nutritional elements (Arm B) and bioactive elements (Arm C). Two authors independently screened articles against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles underwent quality assessment using the ROBINS-I tool. Quantitative analysis of data extracted from arm A is presented, alongside narrative reviews of arms B and C.
resultsTwenty-six studies (n = 3024 infants) were included for arm A. Heat treatment methods and freeze thawing resulted in 82% and 53% reduction CMV transmission respectively, compared to untreated milk. Correlation between viral load magnitude and transmission risk was not significant. Macronutrients remained largely stable after treatment, but bioactive elements were significantly degraded by heat treatment methods. High Pressure Processing was significantly better at preserving bioactive elements compared to heat treatment.
conclusionHeat treatment is most effective in reducing CMV infectivity in breastmilk but is associated with higher degradation of bioactive elements, whilst microwave irradiation and HPP eliminate CMV in breastmilk and preserve its immunological integrity.
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Registered trials
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