ArticleCommunications medicine2025
Long-term immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/5 mRNA booster in people living with HIV.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling of longitudinal immune profiles reveals distinct immunogenic signatures following five COVID-19 vaccinations among people living with HIV.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants after ancestral COVID-19 vaccines in people with HIV and lung transplant recipients.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVariant-adapted vaccines are recommended in vulnerable populations to address the waning immunity and the emergence of immune-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants, yet data about immune responses to such vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited. We therefore aimed to assess long-term immune responses to an original-BA.4/5 mRNA booster in this population.
methodsIn this prospective longitudinal study, PLWH receiving either an original-BA.4/5 bivalent booster or an original monovalent booster and HIV-negative healthcare workers (HCWs) receiving a bivalent booster were enrolled and sampled before (T0), 1 month (T1), and 4-9 months (T2) after the vaccine administration. SARS-CoV-2-specific T and B cells, RBD-binding antibodies, and RBD-blocking antibodies against both wild type (WT) and omicron BA.4/5 virus were determined.
resultsThe bivalent booster is able to transiently increase both humoral and polyfunctional T cell responses in PLWH, with humoral responses comparable to those observed in HCWs. While T cell responses are cross-reactive against viral variants and stable over time, humoral immunity is imprinted to the ancestral virus and wanes quickly. Furthermore, whilst previous SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect the trajectory of vaccine-elicited immune responses, markers of HIV-related T cell dysfunction are associated with lower antibody peak responses and higher antibody waning. Lastly, the bivalent booster was superior to the monovalent one in inducing BA.4/5-reactive RBD-blocking antibodies.
conclusionsThe original-BA.4/5 bivalent booster is highly immunogenic in PLWH and superior to the monovalent one in inducing humoral responses against the BA.4/5 virus, although HIV-related T cell dysfunction markers are associated with blunted and less durable antibody immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.