ArticleScientific reports2025
Effects of bentonite/sodium alginate/nanocellulose composites on soil properties and their biodegradability over time.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Turning wood waste into high-value nanocellulose for sustainable agriculture environmental remediation and wound healing applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Diversity and functional traits of indigenous microbiome in Hilla agricultural soils: implications for biocontrol and bioremediation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Hydrogels for Agricultural Applications: From Soil Amendment to Crop Enhancement.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Influence of Prosulfocarb and Polymer Supplementation on Soil Bacterial Diversity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of bentonite/sodium alginate/nanocellulose (BAN) composites on soil properties. The composites, formulated with different bentonite/sodium alginate/nanocellulose ratios (50:30:20, 70:20:10 and 80:15:5) at three concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%), were applied to soil samples. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed that the composites improved soil structure, with the B50/A30/N20 ratio exhibiting improved dispersion and stability. The results showed that the application of BAN composites significantly increased the water holding capacity (WHC), with the 3% concentration showing a ∽25% increase compared to the control treatment. Soil respiration rates were highest at the 3% concentration, with a 50-100% increase in CO2 emission compared to the control treatment. Biodegradability tests showed that the B50/A30/N20 composite had the highest degradation rate (52%), while the B80/A15/N5 composite showed the lowest rate (17.13%). The total organic carbon (TOC) content was increased by up to 40-100% in the soils treated with 2% and 3% BAN, with the B50/A30/N20 treatment showing the greatest increase. The pH values were slightly acidified, with a decrease in pH and an increase in EC. In addition, treatment with the composite resulted in a significant improvement in soil aggregation, with the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) significantly increased by treatment with B50/A30/N20 (3%). The microbial populations (bacteria and fungi) were significantly higher in the treated soils compared to the untreated soils. These results indicate that BAN composites can significantly improve the physical and biological properties of the soil and thus offer potential for sustainable agricultural practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.