ReviewNeurology2025
The Clinical Trial Landscape in Autoimmune Encephalitis: Challenges and Opportunities.
Review in Neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- An updated, comprehensive meta-analysis of the treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Analysis, equipoise, and the urgent need for evidence over anecdote.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Pooled it
- The cascade to pathogenicity in autoantibody-mediated CNS diseases.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Translating B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Targeting from Oncology to Autoimmunity: Modalities, Quantitative Bridging, and a Development Roadmap.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Minimally Clinically Important Difference of the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes: Advances and Future Perspectives in Immunopathogenesis and Management.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development of anti-LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis outcome rating score using the Rasch analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Clinical Features, Antibody Profiles, and Prognostic Factors in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Single-Center Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is an important cause of neurologic morbidity and mortality. Treatment algorithms are primarily based on observational studies, retrospective series, and expert opinion. Despite clinical improvement with empiric therapy, recovery is often incomplete with a substantial burden of residual neurologic deficits and recurring symptoms. There is a pressing need for higher quality evidence-based therapies. However, designing and conducting clinical trials for patients with rare diseases such as AE has specific challenges, including slow recruitment, suboptimal outcome measures, and inclusivity vs exclusivity of the various disease subtypes. The anticipated knowledge gained from AE clinical trials emphasizes the need to overcome these challenges and support the development of the next generation of clinical trials. Yet, given these challenges, alternative approaches may be required. In this article, we review past and present clinical trials in AE with a focus on studies enrolling patients with neural surface antibodies. We discuss the potential challenges and opportunities inherent to clinical trials in rare diseases and provide an outlook for the field.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.