Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40146472›Full record

ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2025

Thermal and Biomechanical Responses of Amateur, Elite and World Cup Athletes During a World Cup Sprint Triathlon in the Heat.

Carl James, Borja Muniz-Pardos, Mohammed Ihsan, Ka-Kay Lo, Wing-Kai Lam, Dani Peña Iglesias, Konstantinos Angeloudis, Yi Teng, Jiao Jiao, Ke Hu and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Carl JamesDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2099-5343
Borja Muniz-PardosEXER-GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, FIMS Collaborating Center of Sports Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9191-9033
Mohammed IhsanScientific Conditioning Centre, Elite Training Science and Technology Division, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5592-6888
Ka-Kay LoScientific Conditioning Centre, Elite Training Science and Technology Division, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0009-0004-8357-2860
Wing-Kai LamScientific Conditioning Centre, Elite Training Science and Technology Division, Hong Kong Sports Institute, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8692-2206
Dani Peña IglesiasHuman Telemetrics LTD, London, England.ORCID 0009-0007-6973-356X
Konstantinos AngeloudisInstitute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy Geosciences Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2417-6612
Yi TengDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0009-0008-7594-8759
Jiao JiaoDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2705-6157
Ke HuDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0009-0006-0534-5894
KaKi WongDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9477-7192
Fergus GuppyInstitute of Life and Earth Sciences, School of Energy Geosciences Infrastructure and Society, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8526-9169
Sébastien RacinaisEnvironmental Stress Unit, CREPS Montpellier Font-Romeu, Montpellier, France.ORCID 0000-0003-0348-4744
Samuel ChalmersAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1901-6910
Sergio MiglioriniWorld Triathlon Medical Committee, World Triathlon, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0001-0735-7139
Kenneth WuHong Kong Triathlon (Event Chief Medical Officer), Hong Kong, China.
Yannis PitsiladisDepartment of Sports and Health Science, Academy of Wellness and Human Development, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. ypitsiladis@hkbu.edu.hk.ORCID 0000-0001-6210-2449

Funding

International Olympic Committee RBU/cftr/2023-10
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesCore temperature (T

methodsSixty-six triathletes participated: 21 World Cup (7 females), 32 Hong Kong-Elite (HK-Elite; 8 females) and 13 Amateur (6 females).

resultsSeventeen triathletes displayed a T

conclusionDifferent athlete categories displayed comparable peak T

Indexed as

BicyclingBody TemperatureHot TemperatureRunningSwimmingAdultAthletesBiomechanical PhenomenaBody Temperature RegulationFemaleHong KongHumansMaleSkin Temperature

Identifiers

PMID40146472
PMCPMC12152093

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.