ArticleVirus genes2025
Molecular characterization and drug resistance pattern in pol gene of HIV-1 sub-subtypes circulating in Lahore, Pakistan.
Article in Virus genes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanotechnology revolutionizing antimicrobial therapy for superbug infections.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Strategies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Therapeutic modulation of HIV-1 using miRNAs and lncRNAs: from bench to bedside.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome-based strategies for HIV prevention and therapy, current challenges and future prospects.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine in maternal viral infections: advancing prenatal therapies for fetal protection.Discover nano · 2026Review
- World free HIV: the novel therapeutic approaches for eliminating latent HIV infection.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Molecular assessment of the HIV pol gene and use of computational vaccine design targeting Pakistani isolates.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Integrative genomic and immunoinformatic approach for characterizing HIV-1 pol, vpr, and Nef genes and designing a multi-epitope vaccine.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unveiling the dynamics: understanding the current scenario and drivers of HIV epidemiology in Pakistan.Retrovirology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
This study aimed to determine sub-subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) in Pakistan using the pol gene, identification of amino acid substitutions, structural changes, and drug resistance evaluation in the p66 region of reverse transcriptase. A total of 50 HIV-positive blood samples were collected from Lahore Pakistan, confirmed by Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The samples were further processed for pol gene amplification followed by nucleotide sequencing through the Sanger method. Out of 50 samples, 26 samples were amplified, and 14 sequences were obtained. The sequences were aligned with reference sequences to determine subtyping and phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, amino acid substitutions and drug resistance patterns were also determined in the RTp66 region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 8 sequences of our isolates were closely related to circulating recombinant form (CRF43_02 G), and 3 sequences were of CRF30_026 (CRF02_AG) subtypes while the remaining 3 sequences were related to CRF35_A1D, CRF95_02B (CRF02_AG) and Subtype G of HIV-1. Several amino acid substitutions were identified in our isolates which show no impact on the structure of protein. Furthermore, the isolate QAU-AZ2 (OR086936) proposes variable degree of resistance to nevirapine (NVP), etravirine (ETR), rilpivirine (RPV), efavirenz (EFV), Doravirine (DOR); while no resistance against NNTRI and NTRI was observed in the remaining isolates. Further studies are required to (i) examine the function of identified amino acid substitutions through molecular docking, and (ii) sequence the complete pol gene of the viral isolates from Pakistani patients to determine possible drug resistance associated with amino acid substitutions.
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