Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40145638›Full record

SynthesisMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2025

Neuropsychological Tests of Memory, Visuospatial, and Language Function in Parkinson's Disease: Review, Critique, and Recommendations.

Ondrej Bezdicek, Roberta Biundo, Sarai Boelema, Davide Maria Cammisuli, Brenna Cholerton, Alice Cronin-Golomb, John C Dalrymple-Alford, Annelien Duits, Robert Fellows, Adam Gerstenecker and 13 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Brief tests for the assessment of language-executive functions: normative data for the Italian population.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  6. Visual memory in Parkinson's Disease: a non-graphomotor approach to assessment.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Visuospatial dysfunction indicates an increased risk of rapid dementia conversion in Parkinson's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Ondrej BezdicekDepartment of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5108-0181
Roberta BiundoDepartment of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-755X
Sarai BoelemaAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4341-9629
Davide Maria CammisuliDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-1867
Brenna CholertonDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2139-987X
Alice Cronin-GolombDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-6204
John C Dalrymple-AlfordTe Kura Mahi ā-Hirikapo, School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6672-033X
Annelien DuitsDepartment of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Radboud University Centre Nijmegen and the Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-1806
Robert FellowsDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9322-4550
Adam GersteneckerDepartment of Neurology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2696-5380
Hanane El HachiouiAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3603-8831
Hana HorákováMemory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4192-1423
Janneke KoertsDepartment of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-0171
Bonnie LevinDivision of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-296X
Inga Liepelt-ScarfoneHertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0875-892X
Marina SarnoDivision of Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6892-7775
Tiago A MestreParkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-7479
Álvaro Sánchez FerroMovement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2461-2485
Michelle Hyczy de Siqueira TosinDepartment of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7309-1407
Matej SkorvanekDepartment of Neurology, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-8715
Daniel WeintraubDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0633-7168
Gert J GeurtsenAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2508-340X
members of the IPMDS Clinical Outcome Assessment Scientific Evaluation Committee

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a key non-motor complication during the disease course.

objectivesA review of detailed cognitive instruments to detect mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) or dementia (PDD) is needed to establish optimal tests that facilitate diagnostic accuracy.

methodsWe performed a systematic literature review of tests that assess memory, language including premorbid intelligence, and visuospatial domains (for tests of attention and executive functions see accompanying review) to determine suitability to assess cognition in PD. Based on in-depth scrutiny of psychometric and other relevant clinimetric properties, tests were rated as "recommended," "recommended with caveats," "suggested," or "listed" by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS) panel of experts according to the IPMDS Clinical Outcome Assessment Scientific Evaluation Committee guidelines.

resultsWe included 39 tests encompassing 48 outcome measures. Seven tests (different versions or subtests of the test counted once) were recommended, including four for memory, one for visuospatial domains, one for language (including three measures), and one for estimated premorbid intelligence. Furthermore, 10 tests (12 measures) were "recommended with caveats," 11 were "suggested," and 11 (15 measures) were "listed."

conclusionsRecommended neuropsychological tests in memory, visuospatial functions, and language are proposed to guide the assessment of cognitive impairment and its progression in PD-MCI and PDD, and for use in clinical trials to stratify participants or as outcome measures. Novel measures being developed will need extensive validation research to be "recommended." © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionLanguageMemoryNeuropsychological TestsParkinson DiseaseHumansclinimetriccognitivedementianeuropsychologyParkinson's diseaserating scalestest

Identifiers

PMID40145638
PMCPMC12089905

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.