ReviewThe Annals of pharmacotherapy2025
Xanomeline-Trospium: A Novel Therapeutic for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.
Review in The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Xanomeline-Trospium Validates Muscarinic Agonism as an Effective Non-Dopaminergic Treatment for Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Towards Mechanism-Informed Treatments for Mental Health.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- From dopamine to muscarine: xanomeline-trospium (KarXT) as a novel direction in the psychopharmacotherapy of schizophrenia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis review describes a novel combination muscarinic agonist and antagonist, xanomeline-trospium, which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for schizophrenia. Efficacy and safety evidence from phase II and III clinical trials are reviewed. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched in 2024; terms included "xanomeline trospium" OR "xanomelinetrospium" OR "KarXT" OR "Cobenfy" AND "schizophrenia." The search was repeated in January 2025. CLINICALTRIALS: gov was used to review ongoing or unpublished studies. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Human subject studies of xanomeline-trospium were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: In phase III trials, xanomeline-trospium was superior to placebo for acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. EMERGENT-2 and EMERGENT-3 found patients improved by 9.6 and 8.4 points on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), respectively, compared with placebo (95% confidence interval -13.9 to -5.2,
conclusionsXanomeline-trospium shows promising results for treatment of schizophrenia. Further studies with active comparators, larger sample sizes, and more patients with prominent negative symptoms are needed to corroborate efficacy and determine place in therapy.
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Registered trials
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