ReviewAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
Biomarkers of blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit integrity in human cognitive impairment and dementia.
Review in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of combined ultra-processed food intake (ultra-processed dietary pattern) with cognitive function impairment: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Differential detectability of pericyte and blood-brain barrier readouts across the Alzheimer's disease clinical continuum: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Chronic hypertension and social isolation disrupt the blood-brain barrier and memory in a sex-dependent manner.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Article
- The Glymphatic System in Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Imaging Surrogates, and Translational Uncertainties.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Human biomarker navigator.iMeta · 2026Review
- The Gut Mucosal Barrier-Neuroinflammation Axis in Vascular Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review of Candidate Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and integrative machine learning approaches to blood-brain barrier biomarker profiling for personalized ischemic stroke management.Physiological reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between the brain and peripheral organs in Alzheimer's disease: evidence, mechanisms, and translational perspectives.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- [Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic Evidence of MAS1 Receptor Dysregulation and a Failed Compensatory State in Human Vascular Cognitive Impairment.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- CSF Levels of Baseline VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 Are Associated with Tau Pathology in Patients Demonstrating Cognitive Impairment.Neurology international · 2026Article
- MIND-NL diet adherence moderates the relation of low-grade systemic inflammation with neuroinflammatory metabolites and cognitive functioning: an exploratory cross-sectional study in older adults.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Review
- Measuring blood-brain barrier dysfunction: a critical appraisal of fluid biomarkers, in vitro models, in vivo imaging, and post-mortem approaches.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Environmental Enrichment Attenuates Aging-Induced BBB Disruption and Cognitive Impairment with Activation of FNDC5/Irisin Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Apolipoprotein E4 in Alzheimer's Disease: Role in Pathology, Lipid Metabolism, and Drug Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From HIV to SARS-CoV-2 associated neurological disorder ("HAND" to "SAND"): Viral infection as a "time-bomb" for the aging brain.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Anemia, iron deficiency, and blood biomarkers for Alzheimer disease: clinical interpretation and dementia risk stratification.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Brain Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Blood-Facing Translational Interface in Alzheimer's Disease: Beyond "Leaky" Barriers Toward Repair-First Stratification.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is recognized as an early step in the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Biomarkers are needed to monitor BBB integrity over time, better understand the role of the BBB in neurodegeneration, potentially help define long-term ADRD risk, and monitor effects of therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the current biomarkers used to detect human BBB dysfunction in the context of cognitive decline and dementia. We also discuss promising candidate fluid biomarkers to detect BBB dysfunction in blood. HIGHLIGHTS: BBB permeability occurs during normal aging and is further exacerbated in ADRD. In this review, we discuss in vivo imaging and CSF biomarkers of BBB dysfunction currently used in the setting of aging and ADRD in humans. We also review promising candidate blood-based biomarkers that may represent BBB dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.