ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Case Report: Efficacy of ofatumumab in refractory anti-NMDAR encephalitis: case series and literature review.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- B Cells and Tumor Immunometabolism: Emerging Insights into Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Resistance.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis Associated with Ovarian Teratoma: A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Case Report: Ofatumumab for the treatment of refractory anti-NMDAR-positive autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Case report of anti-vimentin IgG-associated autoimmune encephalitis: diagnostic challenges and the role of 18F-DPA714 PET/MRI.BMJ neurology open · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis. When first-line treatments fail, second-line therapies are employed. However, a standardized approach for second-line treatment has yet to be established. We presented three cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with seizures and psychosis as the primary symptom. These patients showed inadequate response to initial treatments, including intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone, and plasma exchange. However, their symptoms were effectively controlled following subcutaneous administration of ofatumumab. Previous studies have reported that twelve cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis were effectively treated with ofatumumab. In this study, the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at the last follow-up for all fifteen patients (including our three cases) were significantly lower compared to scores at the peak of the disease (p < 0.001). Thirteen patients achieved full recovery. These findings suggest that CD20 monoclonal antibodies, particularly ofatumumab, may offer a promising treatment option for anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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