ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
The XBB.1.5 mRNA booster vaccine does not significantly increase the percentage of XBB.1.5 mono-reactive T cells.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA XBB1.5 vaccine immunogenicity in kidney transplant recipients.Virology journal · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induce a diverse spike-specific CD4+ T cell receptor repertoire in people living with HIV with low CD4 nadirs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T cell immunity to seasonal Influenza A and H5N1 viruses in laboratory workers receiving annual seasonal Influenza vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent efforts in vaccine development have targeted spike proteins from evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. In this study, we analyzed T cell responses to the XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 subvariants in individuals who previously received bivalent vaccines containing mRNA for ancestral and BA.5 spike proteins. T cell-mediated cytokine responses to spike proteins from both variants were largely preserved. To determine the mechanism of this preserved recognition, we utilized the functional expansion of specific T cells (FEST) assay to distinguish between the presence of T cells that cross-recognized ancestral and variant epitopes versus distinct populations of T cells that were mono-reactive for ancestral or variant epitopes. We found the majority of spike-specific T cells cross-recognized the ancestral spike and the XBB.1.5 and BA.2.86 subvariants, with less than 10% of T cells being mono-reactive for either variant. Interestingly, immunization with the XBB.1.5 monovalent booster vaccine did not significantly increase the percentage of XBB.1.5 mono-reactive T cells. Our results suggest a potential limitation in the induction of mono-reactive T cell responses by variant-specific booster vaccines.
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