ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
One-year post lockdown trajectories of mental health and impact of COVID-19 lockdown-related factors.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Concerns about the impact of restrictive measures on people's wellbeing, especially mental health, were raised by the COVID-19 pandemic and related lockdown measures. Methods: In this study, we examined longitudinal trajectories of mental health during the initial French lockdown period and up to one-year post-lockdown, among a representative sample of French adults aged over 50. We also assessed the impact of COVID-19 lockdown-related factors on mental health. A cohort of 534 individuals was enrolled during the first French lockdown in March 2020, and four telephone interviews were conducted during the lockdown, and at 1-, 6- and 12-months post-lockdown. Mental health was assessed using validated scores of anxiety and depression (GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively). Participants undergoing treatment for anxiety or depression at inclusion were excluded. Results: Our analysis revealed a significant decrease in the proportion of individuals experiencing poor mental health (elevated GAD-7 or PHQ-9 > 4) from lockdown period to 1 month and 6 months post-lockdown. However, this improvement stopped at 12 months post-lockdown, likely reflecting the reinstatement of strict measures in 2021. We used logistic regression to identify factors independently associated with early and long-lasting deterioration in mental health (elevated GAD-7 or PHQ-9 > 4 at first or second interview that persisted over at least two interviews). History of anxiety, poor perceived global health, female gender, working during lockdown, not being in a relationship, and having a relative suspected of being COVID-positive were significantly associated with deterioration in mental health. Discussion: Our study highlights factors associated with a mental health impact during and following a lockdown in a representative sample of people, aged over 50 years old, thus at increased risk of severe COVID-19 and more likely to be subject to lockdown measures. These factors could be targeted in public health actions in future pandemics.
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