Classifying mental motor tasks from chronic ECoG-BCI recordings using phase-amplitude coupling features.

Introduction: Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), the modulation of high-frequency neural oscillations by the phase of slower oscillations, is increasingly recognized as a marker of goal-directed motor behavior. Despite this interest, its specific role and potential value in decoding attempted motor movements remain unclear. Methods: This study investigates whether PAC-derived features can be leveraged to classify different motor behaviors from ECoG signals within Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems. ECoG data were collected using the WIMAGINE implant during BCI experiments with a tetraplegic patient performing mental motor tasks. The data underwent preprocessing to extract complex neural oscillation features (amplitude, phase) through spectral decomposition techniques. These features were then used to quantify PAC by calculating different coupling indices. PAC metrics served as input features in a machine learning pipeline to evaluate their effectiveness in predicting mental tasks (idle state, right-hand movement, left-hand movement) in both offline and pseudo-online modes. Results: The PAC features demonstrated high accuracy in distinguishing among motor tasks, with key classification features highlighting the coupling of theta/low-gamma and beta/high-gamma frequency bands. Discussion: These preliminary findings hold significant potential for advancing our understanding of motor behavior and for developing optimized BCI systems.