SynthesisFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Using 3D and 4D digital human modeling in extended reality-based rehabilitation: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Narrative Review of Digital Twins in the Health Domain: Development, Application, and Evidence Consolidation.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Better BMI: Novel Digital Anthropometry Equations for Adiposity Assessment in the Chinese Population.Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Research progress on digital-twin-driven full life-cycle design and manufacturing of rehabilitation assistive devices.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- A Digital Twin Strategy to Predict Thrombotic Recurrence in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients Treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants vs. Vitamin K Antagonists Using Data from Real-World Populations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Motor Neurorehabilitation: Scoping Review Focused on the Role of Body Representation.JMIR XR and spatial computing · 2025Review
- Digital twins in healthcare: A systematic review of current applications, frameworks, and future directions.Digital healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Extended reality (XR) is increasingly used in rehabilitation, showing potential to enhance clinical outcomes. Recently, integrating digital human modeling (DHM) with XR has gained attention. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining 3D and 4D DHM with XR in rehabilitation. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines on the 28 Results: Of the 1048 articles found, 16 were included in this review. These studies focused on 3D DHM in XR-based rehabilitation across various conditions and demonstrated superior effectiveness, especially in individuals with neglect, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and type 2 diabetes in comparison with conventional therapy. DHM, captured via 3D cameras and combined with motion analysis or Wii remotes, was integrated into XR systems like VR games and avatar therapy. The studies reveal positive impacts on functional (e.g., upper limb function, gait, balance, quality of life), physical (e.g., pain reduction, spasticity, joint range), psychological (e.g., depression, emotional regulation, body image), and general health outcomes (e.g., body composition, metabolic health). Conclusion: Despite variability in study parameters, limited evidence suggests that 3D DHM in XR-based rehabilitation may enhance physical and psychological recovery across various pathologies. This review highlights the potential of DHM and XR integration but underscores the need for further research with larger samples, longer follow-ups, and standardized measures to confirm these technologies' reliability and effectiveness in rehabilitation. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024553551, identifier CRD42024553551.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.