ArticleAddiction research & theory2025
How did the 'whistle-to-whistle' ban affect gambling advertising on TV? A live football matching study.
Article in Addiction research & theory, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sports sponsorship, gambling bans, and regulatory compliance: a systematic review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of television advertising on gambling behaviour: a quasi-experimental study during the 2022 Qatar FIFA World Cup.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- This is 'offside': Gambling advertising during Czech football broadcasts.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Article
- Regulatory Whack-a-mole: A Rapid Scoping Review of Gambling Marketing Restrictions and their (in)Effectiveness.Current addiction reports · 2026Review
- Sludge, dark patterns and dark nudges: A taxonomy of online gambling platforms' deceptive design features.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: In 2019, the gambling industry introduced a voluntary partial advertising ban during live sports broadcasts in the United Kingdom known as the 'whistle-to-whistle' ban. This study explores the change in television advertising around live football games following the introduction of this ban. Methods: Inverse Probability Weighted (IPW) matching models identified the change in the frequency of advertising associated with the implementation of restrictions in each section, and across the entire duration, of a live football game. Data on UK television schedules (Concise Media, TVSportsGuide) and gambling advertising (Nielsen Media) covered 3 months (1 Results: The implementation of the ban was associated with a reduction in advertising (2.3 advertisements per-programme ( Conclusions: A voluntary partial gambling advertising ban in the UK was associated with reductions in television advertising during live football games during the restricted period. There is evidence of increased advertising in the unrestricted period due to the partial nature of the ban. Future research is needed to explore the impact of the ban on other types of advertising, and across other channels.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.