ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025
A 5-Year Update on the Clinical Development of Cancer Cell-Based Vaccines for Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reconceptualizing glioblastoma immunotherapy: a four-pillar framework to overcome multidimensional resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).Cancers · 2025Review
- Engineering neuroimmune regulation: biomaterial and nanotechnology platforms for neuropathology diagnosis and targeted immunomodulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered one of the most aggressive forms of brain cancer with a 15-month median survival, despite advancements in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The immune-suppressed tumor microenvironment and the blood-brain barrier are major contributors to its poor prognosis and treatment resistance. In the last decade, significant progress has been made in developing cell-based vaccines to boost immune responses against GBM. This review provides an extensive update on recent clinical trials involving various cancer cell vaccines, including ICT-107, the α-type-1 DC vaccine, and others. Although these trials have demonstrated potential improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), the diverse and immune-suppressed nature of GBM poses challenges for consistent therapeutic success. We discuss the details of these trials along with the potential mechanism of vaccine efficacy and immune activations. The findings of these trials highlight the significance of a personalized immunotherapy approach and suggest that patient stratification could significantly advance the clinical management of GBM.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.