Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40143062›Full record

ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Artificial Intelligence Models and Tools for the Assessment of Drug-Herb Interactions.

Marios Spanakis, Eleftheria Tzamali, Georgios Tzedakis, Chryssalenia Koumpouzi, Matthew Pediaditis, Aristides Tsatsakis, Vangelis Sakkalis

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Marios SpanakisDepartment of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2163-0653
Eleftheria TzamaliComputational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-1756-7762
Georgios TzedakisComputational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-0545-9860
Chryssalenia KoumpouziComputational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6882-3781
Matthew PediaditisComputational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
Aristides TsatsakisDepartment of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3824-2462
Vangelis SakkalisComputational Bio-Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4701-850X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in medical sciences that is revolutionizing various fields of drug research. AI algorithms can analyze large-scale biological data and identify molecular targets and pathways advancing pharmacological knowledge. An especially promising area is the assessment of drug interactions. The AI analysis of large datasets, such as drugs' chemical structure, pharmacological properties, molecular pathways, and known interaction patterns, can provide mechanistic insights and identify potential associations by integrating all this complex information and returning potential risks associated with these interactions. In this context, an area where AI may prove valuable is in the assessment of the underlying mechanisms of drug interactions with natural products (i.e., herbs) that are used as dietary supplements. These products pose a challenging problem since they are complex mixtures of constituents with diverse and limited information regarding their pharmacological properties, especially their pharmacokinetic data. As the use of herbal products and supplements continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important to understand the potential interactions between them and conventional drugs and the associated adverse drug reactions. This review will discuss AI approaches and how they can be exploited in providing valuable mechanistic insights regarding the prediction of interactions between drugs and herbs, and their potential exploitation in experimental validation or clinical utilization.

Indexed as

artificial intelligencechemoinformaticsdeep learningdietary supplementsdrug–herb interactionsherbal medicinesinteractionsknowledge graphsmachine learningnetwork pharmacologyXAI

Identifiers

PMID40143062
PMCPMC11944892

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.