Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40142154›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025

An Alternative to Biliverdin, Mesobiliverdin IXα and Mesobiliverdin-Enriched Microalgae: A Review on the Production and Applications of Mesobiliverdin-Related Products.

Naveena Poudyal, Jon Y Takemoto, Yuan-Yu Lin, Cheng-Wei T Chang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Naveena PoudyalDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
Jon Y TakemotoDepartment of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5305, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9919-9168
Yuan-Yu LinDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-3397-3218
Cheng-Wei T ChangDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8978-4520

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite attracting interest for decades due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities, the use of biliverdin IXα (BV) in medicine and agriculture is hampered by uncertain purity and limited availability. A significant amount of effort has been devoted to the production and application of BV, but with limited success. Mesobiliverdin IXα (MBV), a natural BV analog derived from microalgae, offers a path to overcome the limitations of BV. MBV production is scalable, and it can be obtained at high purity. MBV and BV share important structural features (e.g., bridging propionate groups) and both are substrates of biliverdin reductase A (BVRA), and thus exert the same mechanisms and pathways for anti-inflammatory action. To enable the use of MBV in industry, especially in agriculture, a cost-effective product, mesobiliverdin-enriched microalgae (MEM), was developed. In this review, we focus on recent developments and investigations of MBV and MEM, and compare their effectiveness with BV and Spirulina. This review article highlights cost-effective and scalable production of MEM, the therapeutic potential of MBV in cytoprotection and anti-inflammation, and MEM as an animal feed additive for improved gut health and amelioration of osteoporosis. More studies are ongoing to expand the potential applications of both MBV and MEM from fundamental research to industrial and agricultural practices.

Indexed as

BiliverdineMicroalgaeAnimalsAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsHumansAnti-Inflammatory AgentsAntioxidantsBiliverdineanimal feed additiveanti-inflammatoryantioxidativeosteoporosisspirulina

Identifiers

PMID40142154
PMCPMC11945237

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.