Multilevel Multimodal Physical Unclonable Functions by Laser Writing of Silicon Carbide Color Centers.

Yuxing Ma, Yue Qin, Hao Guo, Ye Tian, Lishuang Liu

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yuxing MaState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Testing Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

Yue QinState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Testing Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

Hao GuoState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Testing Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

Ye TianState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Testing Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4182-0729

Lishuang LiuState Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Testing Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

Funding

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 52275576, 62175219

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Information security serves as the cornerstone for ensuring the stable development of today's highly digitized era. As cryptographic primitives with high security and robust encryption capabilities, physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are recognized as one of the critical solutions to address information leakage issues. However, the encoding of PUFs often relies on the inherent properties of materials, which limits the potential for further enhancement of their encoding capacity (EC). In this study, we introduce a four-level encoding scheme by leveraging the stochastic characteristics of free radical chemical reactions and energy deposition in the fabrication process of silicon carbide (SiC) color centers. A multilevel multimodal PUF (MMPUF) encoding strategy (ES) for flexible substrates with high EC, low cost, and simple and fast readout was constructed. The spatially random distribution of SiC and silicon vacancy (V

Indexed as

anti-counterfeitinghigh encoding capabilityintegrationmultilevel multimodaloffsetsPUF

Identifiers

PMID40141940

DOI10.3390/mi16030329

PMCPMC11946732

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.