ArticleLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Identification and Characterization of Microplastics in Human Cervicovaginal Lavage Fluids Using Raman Spectroscopy: A Preliminary Study.
Article in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans: systematic review of in vivo evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Pooled it
- Microplastics in the Female Genital Tract and Fetoplacental Continuum: A Lesion-Based Framework for Pathophysiological Interpretation.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Current Evidence Linking Microplastic Exposure and Reproductive Cancers.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- The Human Plastiphere: A Bioparticulate System Challenging Microplastic Risk Assessment and Governance.Environmental science & technology · 2025Review
- A Workflow for Assessing Particle Counts of Mixed Micro- and Nanoplastics in Exposed Laboratory Animals.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microplastics have been detected in various human organs, and studies on their impact on human health are ongoing. However, few studies have researched microplastics in the cervicovaginal area. In this study, we aimed to assess their presence in human cervicovaginal lavage fluid. This prospective study was conducted at a single tertiary medical center, enrolling 10 participants aged 27-49 years. Human cervicovaginal lavage fluid samples were collected from the patients by a single skilled obstetrician. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze and characterize microplastic particles detected in the samples. Ninety-one microplastic particles were detected in 10 samples. More than 50% of the microplastic particles were identified in a single patient who regularly used menstrual cups. The mean number of microplastics was 9.10 ± 14.96 per 10 g sample. Most of the microplastics were <50 μm in size, and polypropylene and polystyrene were the most predominant types. Raman analysis detected microplastic particles in human cervicovaginal lavage fluids, suggesting that the human cervicovaginal area is exposed to microplastics. The number of detected particles varied significantly among individuals. This study highlights the need for further research on the effects of microplastics on the female reproductive system using cervicovaginal lavage fluid.
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Registered trials
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