Numerical Modeling and Optimization of Large-Scale Molten Titanium Levitation.

Sławomir Golak, Jakub Wyciślik, Radosław Zybała, Robert Hanusek

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sławomir GolakDepartment of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-9325-3407

Jakub WyciślikDepartment of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0009-0004-2562-8926

Radosław ZybałaDepartment of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland.

Robert HanusekDepartment of Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland.

Funding

Excellence Initiative - Research University, Silesian University of Technology 11/040/SDU/10-21-0

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Melting reactive metals and alloys, such as titanium, poses a significant challenge due to the risk of crucible damage and contamination of the molten material. Full levitation melting presents a promising solution; however, its application has largely been limited to small laboratory samples. This paper introduces a methodology for modeling (in a 2D axisymmetric domain) and optimizing a new large-scale levitation melting system and demonstrates its application to pure titanium. The system features a torus-shaped load positioned within a gutter-shaped coil. Numerical experiments using this approach confirm the feasibility of stable levitation for a substantial mass (2.6 kg) within a newly designed electromagnetic levitation system.

Indexed as

levitation meltingmagnetohydrodynamics (MHD)numerical modelingnumerical optimizationreactive metalstitanium

Identifiers

PMID40141551

DOI10.3390/ma18061268

PMCPMC11943898

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.