SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
State of the Art of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Synthetic long peptide and DNA personalized cancer vaccines induce robust neoantigen-specific T cell responses in pancreatic cancer.Science advances · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Predictive Value ofStem cells international · 2026Article
- Tricyclic and Novel Chemotypes as Selective WRN Helicase Inhibitors for MSI‑H Cancer Therapy.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
- Exploration of the current status and trends of pancreatic cancer immune cells in the past 30 years: a bibliometric analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting Werner Syndrome Helicase with Small Molecules in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Cancers.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the therapeutic landscape for several malignancies, but their efficacy in unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains uncertain. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ICIs in this context, focusing on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and toxicity. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Scopus identified 34 eligible studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational cohorts. Quantitative synthesis involved 21 studies comprising 937 patients, with additional qualitative analyses on biomarker-driven subgroups and early-phase trials. The median OS across studies was 8.65 months, while the median PFS was 2.55 months. The ORR and DCR were 16.2% and 50.3%, respectively, with grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurring in 22% of patients. Promising outcomes were observed in MSI-H/dMMR populations, although these represented only 1-2% of cases. Combination strategies with chemotherapy demonstrated synergistic potential but lacked definitive evidence due to heterogeneity and the absence of phase III trials. ICIs showed a manageable toxicity profile, highlighting their feasibility in selected patients. Future research should focus on overcoming tumor microenvironment barriers and identifying biomarkers to optimize responsiveness and expand the applicability of ICIs in pancreatic cancer.
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