The Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA) in the Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ofloxacin and Its Photoproducts.

Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki, Jakub Mielniczek, Milena Wawryniuk, Joanna Giebułtowicz, Agata Drobniewska

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Individual and Simultaneous Photodegradation of Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole Assessed with the Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Grzegorz Nałęcz-JaweckiDepartment of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4945-3687

Jakub MielniczekDepartment of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.

Milena WawryniukDepartment of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.

Joanna GiebułtowiczDepartment of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2567-4453

Agata DrobniewskaDepartment of Toxicology and Food Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ofloxacin is one of the most commonly used antibacterial substances in the world. Like most medicines, it ends up in the environment through municipal sewage and undergoes various transformations, e.g., photodegradation. The aim of this study was an extensive analysis of ofloxacin photodegradation in both pure antibiotic and a commercial eye drop forms. In this study, a sunlight simulator, chromatographic methods of quantitative and qualitative determination, and biological methods for the evaluation of toxicity (Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA), Microtox

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsOfloxacinBacteriaBiological AssayMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPhotolysisRisk AssessmentAnti-Bacterial AgentsOfloxacinfluoroquinolonesMARAMicrotox®photodegradationSpirotox

Identifiers

PMID40141235

DOI10.3390/ijms26062595

PMCPMC11942207

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.